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mn10 · Satipaṭṭhānasutta

Majjhima Nikāya 10

The Middle Length Discourses 10

Satipaṭṭhānasutta

The Satipaṭṭhāna

Evaṁ me sutaṁ—

Thus have I heard—

ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṁ nāma kurūnaṁ nigamo.

at one time the Bhagavā was dwelling among the Kurus, at a market town of the Kurus named Kammāsadhamma.

Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

There the Bhagavā addressed the bhikkhus:

“bhikkhavo”ti.

Bhikkhus,”

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ.

Bhante,” those bhikkhus replied to the Bhagavā.

Bhagavā etadavoca:

The Bhagavā said this:

“Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.

“This, bhikkhus, is the direct path for the purification of beings, for passing beyond sorrow and lamentation, for the disappearance of dukkha and dejection, for attaining the true way, for realizing nibbāna: that is, the four satipaṭṭhānas.

Katame cattāro?

Which four?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ;

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body, ardent, clearly comprehending [sampajāno], with sati [satimā], having removed covetousness and dejection regarding the world;

vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ;

he dwells contemplating vedanā in vedanā, ardent, clearly comprehending [sampajāno], with sati [satimā], having removed covetousness and dejection regarding the world;

citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ;

he dwells contemplating citta in citta, ardent, clearly comprehending [sampajāno], with sati [satimā], having removed covetousness and dejection regarding the world;

dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas, ardent, clearly comprehending [sampajāno], with sati [satimā], having removed covetousness and dejection regarding the world.

Uddeso niṭṭhito.

The summary is finished.

1. Kāyānupassanā
  1. Contemplation of Body
1.1. Kāyānupassanāānāpānapabba

1.1. The Section on Breathing in the Contemplation of Body

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating body in body?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati, pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā, ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, gone to the wilderness, or gone to the root of a tree, or gone to an empty hut, sits down; having folded his legs crosswise, set his body upright, and established sati before him.

So satova assasati, satova passasati.

With sati he breathes in; with sati he breathes out.

Dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti,

Breathing in long, he understands, ‘I breathe in long’; or breathing out long, he understands, ‘I breathe out long’;

rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti.

breathing in short, he understands, ‘I breathe in short’; or breathing out short, he understands, ‘I breathe out short.’

‘Sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

He trains thus: ‘Experiencing the whole body, I will breathe in’; he trains thus: ‘Experiencing the whole body, I will breathe out.’

‘Passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

He trains thus: ‘Calming the bodily saṅkhāra [kāyasaṅkhāraṁ], I will breathe in’; he trains thus: ‘Calming the bodily saṅkhāra [kāyasaṅkhāraṁ], I will breathe out.’

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṁ vā añchanto ‘dīghaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā añchanto ‘rassaṁ añchāmī’ti pajānāti;

Just as, bhikkhus, a skilled turner or turner’s apprentice, when making a long turn, understands, ‘I make a long turn,’ or when making a short turn, understands, ‘I make a short turn’;

evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti;

so too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands, ‘I breathe in long’; or breathing out long, understands, ‘I breathe out long’; breathing in short, understands, ‘I breathe in short’; or breathing out short, understands, ‘I breathe out short’;

‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati;

he trains thus: ‘Experiencing the whole body, I will breathe in’; he trains thus: ‘Experiencing the whole body, I will breathe out’;

‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

he trains thus: ‘Calming the bodily saṅkhāra [kāyasaṅkhāraṁ], I will breathe in’; he trains thus: ‘Calming the bodily saṅkhāra [kāyasaṅkhāraṁ], I will breathe out.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally, or dwells contemplating body in body externally, or dwells contemplating body in body both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in the body.

‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There is body.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Ānāpānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on breathing is finished.

1.2. Kāyānupassanāiriyāpathapabba

1.2. The Section on Postures in the Contemplation of Body

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ti pajānāti, sayāno vā ‘sayānomhī’ti pajānāti.

Again, bhikkhus, when a bhikkhu is walking, he understands, ‘I am walking’; or when standing, he understands, ‘I am standing’; or when sitting, he understands, ‘I am sitting’; or when lying down, he understands, ‘I am lying down.’

Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā tathā naṁ pajānāti.

However his body is disposed, he understands it accordingly.

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally, or dwells contemplating body in body externally, or dwells contemplating body in body both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in the body.

‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There is body.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Iriyāpathapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on postures is finished.

1.3. Kāyānupassanāsampajānapabba

1.3. The Section on Clear Comprehension in the Contemplation of Body

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when going forward and returning; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when looking ahead and looking aside; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when bending and extending; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when carrying his outer robe, bowl, and robe; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when defecating and urinating; acts with clear comprehension [sampajānakārī] when walking, standing, sitting, sleeping, waking, speaking, and keeping silent.

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Sampajānapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on clear comprehension is finished.

1.4. Kāyānupassanāpaṭikūlamanasikārapabba

1.4. The Section on Attention to the Repulsive in the Contemplation of Body

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati:

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reviews this very body, upward from the soles of the feet and downward from the tips of the hair, bounded by skin, full of many kinds of impurity:

‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.

‘In this body there are head hairs, body hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach contents, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, mucus, synovial fluid, and urine.’

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṁ—sālīnaṁ vīhīnaṁ muggānaṁ māsānaṁ tilānaṁ taṇḍulānaṁ. Tamenaṁ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti.

Just as, bhikkhus, there might be a bag with openings at both ends, full of various kinds of grain, such as hill rice, paddy rice, mung beans, peas, sesame seeds, and husked rice. A person with good eyes, having opened it, would review it thus: ‘These are hill rice; these are paddy rice; these are mung beans; these are peas; these are sesame seeds; these are husked rice.’

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā, adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati:

So too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reviews this very body, upward from the soles of the feet and downward from the tips of the hair, bounded by skin, full of many kinds of impurity:

‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā …pe… muttan’ti.

‘In this body there are head hairs, body hairs … urine.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on attention to the repulsive is finished.

1.5. Kāyānupassanādhātumanasikārapabba

1.5. The Section on Attention to Elements in the Contemplation of Body

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati:

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reviews this very body, however it is placed, however it is disposed, by way of elements:

‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

‘In this body there are the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the wind element.’

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṁ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa.

Just as, bhikkhus, a skilled butcher or butcher’s apprentice, having slaughtered a cow and divided it into portions, might be seated at a crossroads.

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati:

So too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reviews this very body, however it is placed, however it is disposed, by way of elements:

‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

‘In this body there are the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the wind element.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Dhātumanasikārapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on attention to elements is finished.

1.6. Kāyānupassanānavasivathikapabba

1.6. The Section on the Nine Charnel Grounds in the Contemplation of Body

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ ekāhamataṁ vā dvīhamataṁ vā tīhamataṁ vā uddhumātakaṁ vinīlakaṁ vipubbakajātaṁ.

Again, bhikkhus, as though a bhikkhu were to see a corpse thrown away in a charnel ground, dead for one day, or dead for two days, or dead for three days, bloated, livid, and oozing matter.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati:

He compares this very body with it:

‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

‘This body too has such a nature, will become such, and has not gone beyond this.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ kākehi vā khajjamānaṁ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṁ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṁ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṁ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṁ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṁ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṁ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṁ vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṁ.

Again, bhikkhus, as though a bhikkhu were to see a corpse thrown away in a charnel ground, being devoured by crows, or being devoured by hawks, or being devoured by vultures, or being devoured by herons, or being devoured by dogs, or being devoured by tigers, or being devoured by leopards, or being devoured by jackals, or being devoured by various kinds of creatures.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati:

He compares this very body with it:

‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

‘This body too has such a nature, will become such, and has not gone beyond this.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ samaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

Again, bhikkhus, as though a bhikkhu were to see a corpse thrown away in a charnel ground: a skeleton with flesh and blood, held together by sinews …

Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ nimaṁsalohitamakkhitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

a skeleton without flesh, smeared with blood, held together by sinews …

Aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ apagatamaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

a skeleton without flesh and blood, held together by sinews …

Aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṁ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṁ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṁ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṁ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṁ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṁ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṁ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṁ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṁ.

bones disconnected and scattered in all directions: here a hand bone, there a foot bone, there an ankle bone, there a shin bone, there a thigh bone, there a hip bone, there a rib bone, there a backbone, there a shoulder bone, there a neck bone, there a jaw bone, there a tooth, there the skull.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati:

He compares this very body with it:

‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

‘This body too has such a nature, will become such, and has not gone beyond this.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati …pe…

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally …

evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

in this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ, aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni …pe…

Again, bhikkhus, as though a bhikkhu were to see a corpse thrown away in a charnel ground: bones bleached white, the color of shells …

Aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni …pe…

bones heaped up, more than a year old …

Aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni.

bones rotted and crumbled to dust.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati:

He compares this very body with it:

‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

‘This body too has such a nature, will become such, and has not gone beyond this.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating body in body internally, or dwells contemplating body in body externally, or dwells contemplating body in body both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṁ viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in the body, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in the body.

‘Atthi kāyo’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There is body.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating body in body.

Navasivathikapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on the nine charnel grounds is finished.

Cuddasakāyānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

The fourteenfold contemplation of body is finished.

2. Vedanānupassanā
  1. Contemplation of Vedanā
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating vedanā in vedanā?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, when a bhikkhu feels a pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a pleasant vedanā.’

Dukkhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels a painful vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a painful vedanā.’

Adukkhamasukhaṁ vā vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels a neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā.’

Sāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels a worldly pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a worldly pleasant vedanā.’

Nirāmisaṁ vā sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ sukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels an unworldly pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel an unworldly pleasant vedanā.’

Sāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels a worldly painful vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a worldly painful vedanā.’

Nirāmisaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ dukkhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels an unworldly painful vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel an unworldly painful vedanā.’

Sāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘sāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels a worldly neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel a worldly neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā.’

Nirāmisaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayamāno ‘nirāmisaṁ adukkhamasukhaṁ vedanaṁ vedayāmī’ti pajānāti.

When he feels an unworldly neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā, he understands, ‘I feel an unworldly neither-painful-nor-pleasant vedanā.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating vedanā in vedanā internally, or dwells contemplating vedanā in vedanā externally, or dwells contemplating vedanā in vedanā both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in vedanā, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in vedanā, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in vedanā.

‘Atthi vedanā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There is vedanā.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating vedanā in vedanā.

Vedanānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Contemplation of vedanā is finished.

3. Cittānupassanā
  1. Contemplation of Citta
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating citta in citta?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands citta with passion as ‘citta with passion.’

Vītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta without passion as ‘citta without passion.’

Sadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta with hate as ‘citta with hate.’

Vītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta without hate as ‘citta without hate.’

Samohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta with delusion as ‘citta with delusion.’

Vītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītamohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta without delusion as ‘citta without delusion.’

Saṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘saṅkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands contracted citta as ‘contracted citta.’

Vikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vikkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands distracted citta as ‘distracted citta.’

Mahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘mahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands exalted citta as ‘exalted citta.’

Amahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘amahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands unexalted citta as ‘unexalted citta.’

Sauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sauttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands surpassable citta as ‘surpassable citta.’

Anuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘anuttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands unsurpassable citta as ‘unsurpassable citta.’

Samāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta endowed with samādhi [samāhitaṁ] as ‘citta endowed with samādhi [samāhitaṁ].’

Asamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘asamāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands citta not endowed with samādhi [asamāhitaṁ] as ‘citta not endowed with samādhi [asamāhitaṁ].’

Vimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands liberated citta as ‘liberated citta.’

Avimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

He understands unliberated citta as ‘unliberated citta.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating citta in citta internally, or dwells contemplating citta in citta externally, or dwells contemplating citta in citta both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṁ viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in citta, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in citta, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in citta.

‘Atthi cittan’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There is citta.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating citta in citta.

Cittānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Contemplation of citta is finished.

4. Dhammānupassanā
  1. Contemplation of Dhammas
4.1. Dhammānupassanānīvaraṇapabba

4.1. The Section on Hindrances in the Contemplation of Dhammas

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five hindrances.

Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five hindrances?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ kāmacchandaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ kāmacchando’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, when sensual desire is present internally, a bhikkhu understands, ‘Sensual desire is present internally in me’; when sensual desire is not present internally, he understands, ‘Sensual desire is not present internally in me’; and he understands how unarisen sensual desire arises, how arisen sensual desire is abandoned, and how abandoned sensual desire does not arise in the future.

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ byāpādaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ byāpādo’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

When ill will is present internally, he understands, ‘Ill will is present internally in me’; when ill will is not present internally, he understands, ‘Ill will is not present internally in me’; and he understands how unarisen ill will arises, how arisen ill will is abandoned, and how abandoned ill will does not arise in the future.

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ thinamiddhan’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

When dullness and drowsiness are present internally, he understands, ‘Dullness and drowsiness are present internally in me’; when dullness and drowsiness are not present internally, he understands, ‘Dullness and drowsiness are not present internally in me’; and he understands how unarisen dullness and drowsiness arise, how arisen dullness and drowsiness are abandoned, and how abandoned dullness and drowsiness do not arise in the future.

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ uddhaccakukkuccan’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

When restlessness and worry are present internally, he understands, ‘Restlessness and worry are present internally in me’; when restlessness and worry are not present internally, he understands, ‘Restlessness and worry are not present internally in me’; and he understands how unarisen restlessness and worry arise, how arisen restlessness and worry are abandoned, and how abandoned restlessness and worry do not arise in the future.

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vicikicchaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vicikicchā’ti pajānāti; yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

When doubt is present internally, he understands, ‘Doubt is present internally in me’; when doubt is not present internally, he understands, ‘Doubt is not present internally in me’; and he understands how unarisen doubt arises, how arisen doubt is abandoned, and how abandoned doubt does not arise in the future.

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas internally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas externally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in dhammas.

‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There are dhammas.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five hindrances.

Nīvaraṇapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on hindrances is finished.

4.2. Dhammānupassanākhandhapabba

4.2. The Section on Aggregates in the Contemplation of Dhammas

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five aggregates subject to upādāna.

Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five aggregates subject to upādāna?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu:

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu:

‘iti rūpaṁ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo;

‘Such is form [rūpaṁ], such is the arising of form [rūpassa], such is the disappearance of form [rūpassa];

iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo;

such is vedanā, such is the arising of vedanā, such is the disappearance of vedanā;

iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo;

such is saññā, such is the arising of saññā, such is the disappearance of saññā;

iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṁ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṁ atthaṅgamo;

such are saṅkhāras, such is the arising of saṅkhāras, such is the disappearance of saṅkhāras;

iti viññāṇaṁ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti;

such is viññāṇa, such is the arising of viññāṇa, such is the disappearance of viññāṇa’;

iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;

thus he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas internally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas externally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in dhammas.

‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There are dhammas.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the five aggregates subject to upādāna.

Khandhapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on aggregates is finished.

4.3. Dhammānupassanāāyatanapabba

4.3. The Section on Dimensions in the Contemplation of Dhammas

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the six internal and external dimensions [āyatanesu].

Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the six internal and external dimensions [āyatanesu]?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuñca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands the eye, understands forms [rūpe], and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Sotañca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

He understands the ear, understands sounds, and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Ghānañca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

He understands the nose, understands odors, and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Jivhañca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

He understands the tongue, understands tastes, and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Kāyañca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

He understands the body, understands tactile objects, and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Manañca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yañca tadubhayaṁ paṭicca uppajjati saṁyojanaṁ tañca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṁyojanassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṁyojanassa pahānaṁ hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṁyojanassa āyatiṁ anuppādo hoti tañca pajānāti.

He understands the mind, understands dhammas, and understands the fetter that arises dependent on both; and he understands how the unarisen fetter arises, how the arisen fetter is abandoned, and how the abandoned fetter does not arise in the future.

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas internally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas externally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in dhammas.

‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There are dhammas.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the six internal and external dimensions [āyatanesu].

Āyatanapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on dimensions is finished.

4.4. Dhammānupassanābojjhaṅgapabba

4.4. The Section on Bojjhaṅgas in the Contemplation of Dhammas

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the seven bojjhaṅgas.

Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the seven bojjhaṅgas?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ satisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, when the sati bojjhaṅga is present internally, a bhikkhu understands, ‘The sati bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the sati bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The sati bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen sati bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen sati bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen investigation-of-dhammas bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the energy bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The energy bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the energy bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The energy bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen energy bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen energy bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ pītisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the pīti bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The pīti bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the pīti bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The pīti bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen pīti bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen pīti bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the tranquillity bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The tranquillity bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the tranquillity bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The tranquillity bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen tranquillity bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen tranquillity bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ samādhisambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the samādhi bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The samādhi bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the samādhi bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The samādhi bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen samādhi bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen samādhi bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Santaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, asantaṁ vā ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṁ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo’ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti tañca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti tañca pajānāti.

When the upekkhā bojjhaṅga is present internally, he understands, ‘The upekkhā bojjhaṅga is present internally in me’; when the upekkhā bojjhaṅga is not present internally, he understands, ‘The upekkhā bojjhaṅga is not present internally in me’; and he understands how the unarisen upekkhā bojjhaṅga arises, and how the arisen upekkhā bojjhaṅga is fulfilled by development [bhāvanāya].

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas internally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas externally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in dhammas.

‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There are dhammas.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the seven bojjhaṅgas.

Bojjhaṅgapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on bojjhaṅgas is finished.

4.5. Dhammānupassanāsaccapabba

4.5. The Section on Truths in the Contemplation of Dhammas

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.

Again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the four noble truths.

Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu?

And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the four noble truths?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṁ dukkhan’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti, ‘ayaṁ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands as it truly is: ‘This is dukkha’; he understands as it truly is: ‘This is the arising of dukkha’; he understands as it truly is: ‘This is the cessation of dukkha’; he understands as it truly is: ‘This is the practice leading to the cessation of dukkha.’

Iti ajjhattaṁ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati;

Thus he dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas internally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas externally, or dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas both internally and externally;

samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati.

or he dwells contemplating the nature of arising in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of passing away in dhammas, or dwells contemplating the nature of arising and passing away in dhammas.

‘Atthi dhammā’ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

Or else sati is established for him thus: ‘There are dhammas.’ This is just for the measure of knowledge and the measure of recollection. And he dwells independent, and does not cling to anything in the world.

Evampi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.

In this way too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating dhammas in dhammas with respect to the four noble truths.

Saccapabbaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

The section on truths is finished.

Dhammānupassanā niṭṭhitā.

Contemplation of dhammas is finished.

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya satta vassāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ

For whoever, bhikkhus, would develop [bhāveyya] these four satipaṭṭhānas in this way for seven years, one of two fruits may be expected for him:

diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.

final knowledge in this very life, or, if there is a remainder of clinging, non-returning.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta vassāni.

Let seven years stand, bhikkhus.

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha vassāni …pe…

For whoever, bhikkhus, would develop [bhāveyya] these four satipaṭṭhānas in this way for six years …

pañca vassāni …

five years …

cattāri vassāni …

four years …

tīṇi vassāni …

three years …

dve vassāni …

two years …

ekaṁ vassaṁ …

one year …

tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṁ vassaṁ.

let one year stand, bhikkhus.

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya satta māsāni, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ

For whoever, bhikkhus, would develop [bhāveyya] these four satipaṭṭhānas in this way for seven months, one of two fruits may be expected for him:

diṭṭheva dhamme aññā; sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.

final knowledge in this very life, or, if there is a remainder of clinging, non-returning.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni.

Let seven months stand, bhikkhus.

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya cha māsāni …pe…

For whoever, bhikkhus, would develop [bhāveyya] these four satipaṭṭhānas in this way for six months …

pañca māsāni …

five months …

cattāri māsāni …

four months …

tīṇi māsāni …

three months …

dve māsāni …

two months …

ekaṁ māsaṁ …

one month …

aḍḍhamāsaṁ …

half a month …

tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso.

let half a month stand, bhikkhus.

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṁ bhāveyya sattāhaṁ, tassa dvinnaṁ phalānaṁ aññataraṁ phalaṁ pāṭikaṅkhaṁ

For whoever, bhikkhus, would develop [bhāveyya] these four satipaṭṭhānas in this way for seven days, one of two fruits may be expected for him:

diṭṭheva dhamme aññā sati vā upādisese anāgāmitāti.

final knowledge in this very life, or, if there is a remainder of clinging, non-returning.”

‘Ekāyano ayaṁ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṁ visuddhiyā sokaparidevānaṁ samatikkamāya dukkhadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamāya ñāyassa adhigamāya nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṁ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti.

“‘This, bhikkhus, is the direct path for the purification of beings, for passing beyond sorrow and lamentation, for the disappearance of dukkha and dejection, for attaining the true way, for realizing nibbāna: that is, the four satipaṭṭhānas.’

Iti yaṁ taṁ vuttaṁ, idametaṁ paṭicca vuttan”ti.

Thus it was said, and it was in reference to this that it was said.”

Idamavoca bhagavā.

This is what the Bhagavā said.

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

Satisfied, those bhikkhus delighted in the Bhagavā’s words.

Satipaṭṭhānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.

The Satipaṭṭhāna is finished, the tenth.

Mūlapariyāyavaggo niṭṭhito paṭhamo.

The Mūlapariyāya Chapter is finished, the first.

Tassuddānaṁ

Summary of this

Mūlasusaṁvaradhammadāyādā,

The Root, Restraint, Heirs in Dhamma,

Bheravānaṅgaṇākaṅkheyyavatthaṁ;

Fear, Without Blemishes, If One Might Wish, and the Cloth;

Sallekhasammādiṭṭhisatipaṭṭhaṁ,

Effacement, Right View, and Satipaṭṭhāna:

Vaggavaro asamo susamatto.

The excellent chapter, incomparable, is well completed.