The Middle Length Discourses 121
The Shorter Discourse on Emptiness
Thus have I heard—
at one time the Bhagavā was dwelling at Sāvatthī, in the Eastern Park, in the Mansion of Migāra’s Mother.
Then Venerable Ānanda, having emerged from seclusion in the evening, went to the Bhagavā; after approaching, he paid homage to the Bhagavā and sat down to one side. Sitting to one side, Venerable Ānanda said this to the Bhagavā:
“On one occasion, bhante, the Bhagavā was dwelling among the Sakyans, at a town of the Sakyans named Nagaraka.
There, bhante, I heard this in the presence of the Bhagavā, I received it in his presence:
‘Ānanda, at present I often dwell in the dwelling of emptiness.’
Was this well heard by me, bhante, well grasped, well attended to, well borne in mind?”
“Indeed, Ānanda, this was well heard by you, well grasped, well attended to, well borne in mind.
Formerly, Ānanda, and at present too, I often dwell in the dwelling of emptiness.
Just as, Ānanda, this Mansion of Migāra’s Mother is empty of elephants, cattle, horses, and mares, empty of gold and silver, empty of assemblies of women and men, yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the bhikkhu Saṅgha;
so too, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of village, not attending to the saññā of people, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of wilderness.
His citta enters into that saññā of wilderness, becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of village, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of people, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of wilderness.’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of village’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of people’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of wilderness.’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of people, not attending to the saññā of wilderness, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of earth.
His citta enters into that saññā of earth, becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
Just as, Ānanda, an ox-hide, well stretched with a hundred pegs, is rid of wrinkles;
so too, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to all the ups and downs of this earth, the rugged riverbeds, the places of stumps and thorns, and the uneven mountains, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of earth.
His citta enters into that saññā of earth, becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of people, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of wilderness, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of earth.’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of people’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of wilderness’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of earth.’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of wilderness, not attending to the saññā of earth, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite space [ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṁ].
His citta enters into that saññā of the dimension of infinite space [ākāsānañcāyatanasaññāya], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of wilderness, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of earth, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite space [ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṁ].’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of wilderness’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of earth’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite space [ākāsānañcāyatanasaññaṁ].’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of earth, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of infinite space, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa [viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṁ].
His citta enters into that saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa [viññāṇañcāyatanasaññāya], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of earth, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite space, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa [viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṁ].’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of earth’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of infinite space’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa [viññāṇañcāyatanasaññaṁ].’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of infinite space, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of nothingness [ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṁ].
His citta enters into that saññā of the dimension of nothingness [ākiñcaññāyatanasaññāya], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite space, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of nothingness [ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṁ].’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of infinite space’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of nothingness [ākiñcaññāyatanasaññaṁ].’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of nothingness, attends to singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā [nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṁ].
His citta enters into that saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā [nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññāya], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of nothingness, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā [nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṁ].’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of infinite viññāṇa’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of nothingness’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
singleness dependent on the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā [nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññaṁ].’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of nothingness, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā, attends to singleness dependent on the signless samādhi of the mind [animittaṁ cetosamādhiṁ].
His citta enters into that signless samādhi of the mind [animitte cetosamādhimhi], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of nothingness, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
this very body dependent on the dimension of the six senses [saḷāyatanikaṁ], conditioned by life.’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of nothingness’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
this very body dependent on the dimension of the six senses [saḷāyatanikaṁ], conditioned by life.’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him a true, unperverted, purified entry into emptiness.
Again, Ānanda, a bhikkhu, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of nothingness, not attending to the saññā of the dimension of neither saññā nor non-saññā, attends to singleness dependent on the signless samādhi of the mind [animittaṁ cetosamādhiṁ].
His citta enters into that signless samādhi of the mind [animitte cetosamādhimhi], becomes serene, settles, and is resolved upon it.
He understands thus:
‘This signless samādhi of the mind is constructed [abhisaṅkhato], willed [abhisañcetayito].’
He understands: ‘Whatever is constructed and willed is impermanent [tadaniccaṁ], subject to cessation as a dhamma [nirodhadhammaṁ].’
For him, knowing thus, seeing thus, the citta is liberated from the āsava of sensuality, the citta is liberated from the āsava of bhava, the citta is liberated from the āsava of ignorance.
When liberated, there is the knowledge: ‘It is liberated.’
He understands: ‘Birth is destroyed, the holy life has been lived, what had to be done has been done, there is no more for this state.’
He understands thus:
‘Whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the āsava of sensuality, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the āsava of bhava, they are not present here; whatever disturbances there might be dependent on the āsava of ignorance, they are not present here; and there is only this measure of disturbance, namely—
this very body dependent on the dimension of the six senses [saḷāyatanikaṁ], conditioned by life.’
He understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the āsava of sensuality’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the āsava of bhava’; he understands: ‘This field of saññā is empty of the āsava of ignorance’; he understands: ‘Yet there is this non-emptiness, namely—
this very body dependent on the dimension of the six senses [saḷāyatanikaṁ], conditioned by life.’
Thus, whatever is not there, he regards it as empty of that; but whatever remains there, he understands: ‘This is present, this exists.’
In this way too, Ānanda, this becomes for him the true, unperverted, purified, supreme, unsurpassed entry into emptiness.
For whatever ascetics or brahmins in the past entered and dwelt in purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness, all of them entered and dwelt in this very same purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness.
Whatever ascetics or brahmins in the future will enter and dwell in purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness, all of them will enter and dwell in this very same purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness.
Whatever ascetics or brahmins at present enter and dwell in purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness, all of them enter and dwell in this very same purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness.
Therefore, Ānanda, you should train thus: ‘We will enter and dwell in purified, supreme, unsurpassed emptiness.’—
Thus, Ānanda, should you train.”
This is what the Bhagavā said.
Satisfied, Venerable Ānanda delighted in the Bhagavā’s statement.
The Shorter Discourse on Emptiness is finished, the first.